Chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) from waste batteries and morphological assessment of CRGO/methyl cellulose transdermal film

Abstract

Disposed battery is a huge source of graphite in our environment. This graphite can be recycled by carrying out electrolysis at fixed voltage and the obtained product can be easily converted into graphene by the generation of graphene oxide (GO) as an intermediate using Hummer’s method. GO is converted into chemically reduced graphite oxide (CRGO) by sodium carbonate treatment and the material obtained is used as a filler in a drug (Ketorolac Tromethamine) loaded Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (MC) matrix. The KT loaded CRGO\\MC nanocomposite films is used to develop transdermal film for drug delivery where CRGO acts as a carrier. The recycled graphite (RGF), GO and CRGO materials has been characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultra-violet (UV) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). KT loaded CRGO\\MC nanocomposite films are characterized by TGA, XRD and moisture absorption properties analysis. The experimental result reveals the formation of successful exfoliated and stable KT loaded CRGO\\MC transdermal film. XRD study reveals the crystalline nature of nanocomposite films. In vitro drug release studies showed that CRGO\\MC based films can be used for controlled transdermal drug delivery applications.