Analysis of unsteady flow of [formula omitted] based nanoparticle of different shapes in the presence of joule heating over stretching surface

Abstract

This work investigates the unsteady flow behavior of variously shaped Cunanoparticles based EG-nanofluid in the presence of Joule heating across a stretched surface. The study's objective is to comprehend and explore how the geometry of nanoparticles affects the thermal behavior and velocity field of a nanofluid flow. The matter is significant because it has an impact on industrial processes, thermal management systems, and cooling technologies. Moreover, the influence of joule heating on convective heat transfer is examined. In order to account for unsteadiness and shape-dependent nanoparticle features, numerical solutions are derived for the major equations of corresponding thermal phenomenon of nanofluid flow. The acquired results shed important light on how the form of nanoparticles and Joule heating affect the properties of heat transfer across the stretching sheet. Meanwhile, friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are calculated numerically and tabulated for discussion. Cu nanoparticles in various forms and other relevant parameters are investigated for their effects on flow, joule heating properties, and heat transmission. Significant evidence shows that using spherical nanoparticles instead of cylindrical or platelet-shaped ones results in a 15 % boost in heat transmission rates. Moreover, Joule heating has significant effect over thermal boundary layer and can generally boost heat transfer by up to 20 %. It is argued that the thermal efficiency of nanofluid systems can be greatly increased by optimizing the form of nanoparticles and taking Joule heating into account. This work is novel due to it fully examines the combined impact of Joule heating and nanoparticle morphology on unstable nanofluid flow, offering new perspectives beyond previous studies that mostly focused on steady-state conditions or disregarded the shape aspect. Through a deeper comprehension of nanofluid behavior in dynamic environments, our work opens the door to more efficient thermal management system design.