Abstract
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and the in vitro antimicrobial effects of seed essential oil of Ferulago angulata. The oil analyses by GC and GC/MS resulted in the identification of 39 compounds representing 91.07% of the oil. The major constituents were (Z)-β-ocimene (19.93%), α-pinene (15.50%), p-cymene (7.67%), sabinene (7.49%), β-phellandrene (5.5%), and α-phellandrene (4.95%). The oil was also screened for its antimicrobial properties against six bacteria (Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas oryzae, Pseudomonas syringae, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bacillus thuringiensis) and six fungi (Alternaria alternata, Culvularia fallax, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Cytospora sacchari, Colletotrichum tricbellum). According to the results of antibacterial activity, B. thuringiensis (with 8 µL mL−1 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 15 µL mL−1 minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)) was the most sensitive bacterium; P. carotovorum and R. solanacearum (with 20 µL mL−1 MIC and 30< MBC) were the most resistant bacteria. Additionally, a broad differentiation against all of the tested fungi showed that the most susceptible and resistant fungi after 6 days at the highest concentration (800 µL L−1) were F. oxysporum (100.0 ± 0.00%) and C. tricbellum (52.50 ± 1.67%) of growth inhibition, respectively.
Highlights
Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family comprises 300 genera and 2500–3000 species distributed in most parts of the world
This study indicated a potent antimicrobial activity of F. angulata seed essential oil against different bacteria and fungi is noteworthy, but needs further survey to evaluate the suitability of this remarkable antimicrobial property
Due to the interest in antimicrobial substances from plant sources, we performed a study on F. angulata oil which revealed significant antimicrobial activity against different plant pathogenic microorganisms causing severe diseases in plants
Summary
Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family comprises 300 genera and 2500–3000 species distributed in most parts of the world. The genus Ferulago belongs to this family consisting of 35–40 species in the world which are centred in southwestern Asia, and 7 of them are endemic in Iran, including Ferulago contracta, Ferulago angulata, Ferulago macrocarpa, Ferulago galbanifera, Ferulago trachycarpa, Ferulago phialocarpa, and Ferulago carduchrom.[1,2] F. angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss. It has been used in folk medicine as sedative, tonic, digestive, carminative, vermifuge, aphrodisiac, anti-oxidation, antidiabetics, anti-parasitic, and for the treatment of chronic ulcers, snakebites, intestinal worms, haemorrhoids, headache, and diseases of the spleen.[5,6]
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