Chemical Analysis Study of Kidney Stones in Iraqi Community

Abstract

The urinary tract system is one of the most important system in human body to control many functions and get any wastes out of body, many diseases may affect this function and prevents it to work effectively. One of this disease is nephrolithiasis at which salt forming stone are settled in renal system affecting its work. The qualitative biochemical analysis of compositions of each stone was done for carbonate, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, oxalate, uric acid, and cysteine, using stone powder derived from the stones. These results found that Calcium oxalate stones were more likely to be detected in patients with upper urinary tract stones (p < 0.001). It was observed in 5.3% of cases which was apparently lower than previous data in nationwide urinary stone composition analysis. the most common type of stone was calcium oxalate (84.1%); others were calcium oxalate phosphate (8.0%), ammonia (3.4%), calcium uric acid (2.3%) and calcium carbonate (1.1%). A defect in ammonium excretion would account for the undue urinary acidity; then, increased urine acidity promotes uric acid super saturation. The amount of urinary oxalate excretion is a significant factor in the development of CaOx stones. Aim of study to know how to prevent stone recurrence and formation requiring better knowing mechanisms contributed in this stone formation.