Abstract
Objective: To investigate the qualitative composition of the acetonic extract from leaves of S. argel (AESA) and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo.
 Methods: AESA profile was established by UHPLC/DAD/ESI-MS2. AESA was subjected to the acute oral toxicity study according to the OECD-420 method. Antioxydant activity of AESA was performed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory effects of AESA were determined in two animal models: carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. Further, anti-nociceptives activities of AESA were assessed by hot plate test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and formalin test.
 Results: The in vivo AESA toxicity was low. AESA expresses a maximum radical scavenging activity with a IC50 value of 36,05 μg/ml. The AESA at 250 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced carrageen an induced paw edema by 70.09% and 85.53% 6h after carrageenan injection, respectively. AESA produced significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect against cotton pellets-induced granuloma formation in rats. In addition, AESA at 250 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced acetic acid-induced writhing by 56.83 and 80.41%, respectively. Oral administration of 250 and 400 mg/kg of AESA caused a significant dose dependent anti-nociceptive effect in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced licking. AESA also impacted the pain latency in the hot plat test.
 Conclusion: These data suggest that AESA possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. These results support the traditional use of S. argel to cure pain and inflammatory diseases in the Algerian Sahara.
Highlights
A modern approach is to exploit the heritage of knowledge in traditional medicine by using advanced technologies for the identification, separation and application of biologically active molecules to specific pathologies
We aimed to explore the composition of acetone extract from the leaves of S. argel (AESA) and to evaluate its antioxidant, antiinflammatory and analgesic properties on in vivo models
Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, sodium carbonate, Aluminum chloride, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Carrageenan, acetic acid, formalin, acetone and the standard drugs indomethacin and morphine sulfate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich corporation
Summary
A modern approach is to exploit the heritage of knowledge in traditional medicine by using advanced technologies for the identification, separation and application of biologically active molecules to specific pathologies. Pathologies leading to pain and inflammation encountered a great attention for new treatments using biologically active molecules isolated from medicinal plants [1]. In Algeria, the species is widespread in the Central Sahara, Tassilin'Ajjer and the Hoggar Mountains [2]. It thrives mainly in rocky and sandy areas and in gravelly wadis, between an altitude of 500 and 1600 meters [3]. The decoction of the aerial parts or leaves of Solenostemma argel (S. argel) is highly prized as febrifuge and purgative and to treat colic, upset stomach, constipation, flatulence, urinary tract infections, renal pains and coughing [4]. In Lebanon, the dried leaves of this plant are imported, and boiled in olive oil; this liquid is used in friction against rheumatism [3]
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