Characterization of SOD and GPX Gene Families in the Soybeans in Response to Drought and Salinity Stresses.

Muqadas Aleem,Rana Muhammad Atif,Sun Lei,Hui Wang,Maida Aleem,Iram Sharif,Prashant Kaushik,Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni,Zhiyi Wu,Javaid Akhter Bhat,Amir Shakeel,Deyue Yu,Hafiza Masooma Naseer Cheema,Saba Aleem,Ammara Tahir,Parvaiz Ahmad

doi:10.3390/antiox11030460

Abstract

Plant stresses causing accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) are scavenged by effective antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, the present study performed genome-wide identification of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) gene families in cultivated and wild soybeans, and 11 other legume species. We identified a total of 101 and 95 genes of SOD and GPX, respectively, across thirteen legume species. The highest numbers of SODs and GPXs were identified in cultivated (Glycine max) and wild (Glycine soja). A comparative phylogenetic study revealed highest homology among the SODs and GPXs of cultivated and wild soybeans relative to other legumes. The exon/intron structure, motif and synteny blocks were conserved in both soybean species. According to Ka/Ks, purifying the selection played the major evolutionary role in these gene families, and segmental duplication are major driving force for SODs and GPXs expansion. In addition, the qRT-PCR analysis of the G. max and G. soja SOD and GPX genes revealed significant differential expression of these genes in response to oxidative, drought and salinity stresses in root tissue. In conclusion, our study provides new insights for the evolution of SOD and GPX gene families in legumes, and provides resources for further functional characterization of these genes for multiple stresses.

Highlights

Introduction distributed under the terms andPlants, being sessile, are often subjected to diverse environmental stress conditions such as abiotic and biotic stresses [1]
We identified a total of 14 and 13 genes of GmSODs and GmGPXs, respectively, in the G. max, while 13 each of GsSODs and GsGPX were identified in G. soja, which were higher compared to other legumes studied in the present study (Supplementary Table S5), as well as previously reported in Arabidopsis, Vitis vinifera, Camellia sinensis, G. raimondii and G. arboretum [46,47,48]
The current study identified a total of 101 and 95 genes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), respectively, in cultivated and wild soybeans, and 11 other legume species via genome-wide analysis

Summary

Introduction

Introduction distributed under the terms andPlants, being sessile, are often subjected to diverse environmental stress conditions such as abiotic and biotic stresses [1]. Excess accumulation of ROS causes oxidative stress, which leads to extensive damage to DNA, protein and lipids, disturbing the normal metabolism and cellular functions [3,4,5]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion