Abstract
BaTiO3 hollow nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning and then subsequent calcination of as-spun nanofibers with a heating rate of 2.5 °C/min. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) results indicated that the heating rate had a significant effect on the morphology of the BaTiO3 hollow nanofibers. The X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM results indicate the prepared BaTiO3 hollow nanofibers have tetragonal phases. From the results of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, in the amorphous BaTiO3 nanofiber, peaks at 457.2 eV for Ti 2p3/2 were also found, which corresponded to the Ti3+ ions. However, in the crystalline BaTiO3 nanofibers, peaks of Ti 2p3/2 showed the Ti4+ ions. Intense visible photoluminescence was observed in the amorphous BaTiO3 nanofiber, which is calcined below a temperature of 500 °C. The observed intense photoluminescence was ascribed to a multiphonon process with localized states within the band gap of the highly disordered states. In the crystalline BaTiO3 hollow fiber, low intensity of photoluminescence showed at the visible region, which is originated from an intrinsic Ba defect.
Highlights
Perovskite nanomaterials,[17,18] the PL analysis of BaTiO3 nanofibers have seldom been researched
Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) results indicated that the heating rate had a significant effect on the morphology of the BaTiO3 hollow nanofibers
From the results of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, in the amorphous BaTiO3 nanofiber, peaks at 457.2 eV for Ti 2p3/2 were found, which corresponded to the Ti3þ ions
Summary
Perovskite nanomaterials,[17,18] the PL analysis of BaTiO3 nanofibers have seldom been researched. To the best of our knowledge, the photoluminescence behavior of BaTiO3 hollow nanofibers has not yet been discussed in the literature. In the present study, we try to prepare hollow BaTiO3 nanofiber, which is formed with a slow heating rate. We try to study a correlation between crystal structure and optical properties systematically. The BaTiO3 nanofibers are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), XRD, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and PL. The outcome is very appealing and the optical properties of BaTiO3 nanofibers are worthy of further interest
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