Characterization of All the Elastic, Piezoelectric, and Dielectric Constants of Tetragonal Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 Single Crystals

Abstract

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) single crystals have a tetragonal 4 mm symmetry. In this paper, the elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric constants of PMN–PT single crystals were measured by the resonance method. A total of eleven independent material constants were measured including six elastic compliance constants at a constant electric field, two dielectric constants at constant stress, and three piezoelectric constants d. Four crystal sample sets of different geometries were prepared in order to measure the length–thickness extensional, thickness extensional, length extensional and thickness shear modes of vibrations, respectively. The experimental impedance spectrum of the PMN–PT crystals was compared with a numerical impedance spectrum calculated with the measured material constants. Good agreement between the two spectra confirmed the validity of the characterization method. In addition, the piezoelectric constant d33, which was determined by the resonance method, was also compared with that measured by a commercial d33 meter. This further confirmed the validity of the resonance measurements.