Characterization and temporal dynamics of the intra- and extracellular environments of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum using multi-platform metabolomics

Abstract

The characterization and temporal changes of intracellular and extracellular metabolome of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum under different growth times were studied using multi-platform metabolomics. A multi-platform approach consisting of both non-targeted profiling and targeted quantification has identified a total of 168 metabolites among which, 41 and 110 in the intra- and extracellular metabolomes were determined to be significantly different. We constructed an expanded metabolic pathway map that combines the amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, purine, and pyrimidine pathways. Notably, we observed the dramatic increase of bioactive compound during growth such as indoles, phenylpropanoid, and hydroxy fatty acids produced by amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in the extracellular metabolome. Several B vitamins (pantothenic acid in intracellular metabolome and nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, and pyridoxal in extracellular metabolome) significantly increased in specific growth phase. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the usefulness of a multi-platform approach in identifying a large pool of metabolites which, thus, has led, to a more robust understanding of the metabolic processes involved in the growth of L. plantarum HAC01. Furthermore, the change of discriminant metabolites with integrated metabolic pathway were revealed, which can be useful in identifying candidates for compound markers and postbiotic components for commercialization of probiotics formulation.