Abstract
Our research investigates the effects of various process conditions on reducing the kappa number in pulp bleached with sodium carbonate peroxy hydrate. These conditions include consistency, reagent dosage, and reaction temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies determine the presence of different bond stretches and bending vibrations in unbleached and bleached samples. The analysis of bleached pulp in an X-ray diffractometer estimated the crystallinity index. Additionally, we examined the pulp samples in FT-Raman spectra to estimate the removal of chromophoric groups containing lignin and changes in the cellulose I to cellulose II structure. The analysis of pulp samples using a scanning electron microscope illustrated the loss of the fibrillar network of lignin on the fiber surface, indicating the extent of delignification. The studies on the reaction kinetics of pulp delignification resulted in a rate constant of 0.0056 min−1 and an activation energy of 5.4 kJ/mole. The increase in crystallinity after bleaching indicates reduced amounts of residual lignin and hemicellulose, which contribute to the amorphous pulp sample. The delignification process using sodium carbonate peroxy hydrate effectively removes chromophores containing lignin from unbleached pulp. The height of the peak decreased from 1600 cm−1 to 1096 cm−1 with a reduction in kappa value in FT-Raman studies.
Published Version
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