Abstract
Analysis of visually guided tracking movements is an important component of understanding human visuomotor control system. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different target speeds and different circular tracking planes, which provide different visual feedback of depth information, on temporal and spatial tracking accuracy. In this study, we analyze motor control characteristic of circular tracking movements during monocular vision in three-dimensional space using a virtual reality system. Three parameters in polar coordinates were analyzed: ΔR, the difference in the distance from the fixed pole; Δθ, the difference in the position angle; and Δω, the difference in the angular velocity. We compare the accuracy of visually guided circular tracking movements during monocular vision in two conditions: (1) movement in the frontal plane relative to the subject that requires less depth information and (2) movement in the sagittal plane relative to the subject that requires more depth information. We also examine differences in motor control at four different target speeds. The results show that depth information affects both spatial and temporal accuracy of circular tracking movement, whereas target speed only affects temporal accuracy of circular tracking movement. This suggests that different strategies of feedforward and feedback controls are performed in the tracking of movements.
Highlights
Guided tracking of movement is an important mechanism for learning skills using the visuomotor system such as watching and imitating the movement of others in sports and dancing [1,2,3,4,5]
We found that circular tracking with binocular vision is more accurate than that with monocular vision, and we observed differences in perception of depth between the two forms of vision in the 3D virtual reality (VR) environment
During circular tracking movement in both frontal and sagittal planes, the trajectory variability did not trend towards an increase with increasing target speed
Summary
Guided tracking of movement is an important mechanism for learning skills using the visuomotor system such as watching and imitating the movement of others in sports and dancing [1,2,3,4,5]. Research into visually guided tracking of movement has focused on the task of tracking a visually guided target with a trajectory, in a one-dimensional straight line or a two-dimensional plane, through various joint movements in a three-dimensional (3D) space [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Miall et al [6,7,8] examined the task of tracking a visually guided target with a one-dimensional sinusoidal trajectory using the multijoint motion of an arm in a 3D space using both monkeys and humans. Beppu et al [9, 10] performed a tracking task using an elbow joint motion with one degree of freedom in patients with cerebellar disease and normal controls. Beppu et al [9, 10] performed a tracking task using an elbow joint motion with one degree of freedom in patients with cerebellar disease and normal controls. e targets were visually guided with a one-dimensional ramp trajectory. ey discovered parameters that can quantitatively evaluate the severity of cerebellar disease in patients
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