Abstract
The analysis of visually guided tracking movements is important to the understanding of imitation exercises and movements carried out using the human visuomotor control system. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of visuomotor control in the intermittent performance of circular tracking movements by applying a system that can differentiate between the conditions of invisible and visible orbits and visible and invisible target phases implemented in a 3D VR space. By applying visuomotor control based on velocity control, our study participants were able to track objects with visible orbits with a precision of approximately 1.25 times greater than they could track objects with invisible orbits. We confirmed that position information is an important parameter related to intermittent motion at low speeds (below 0.5 Hz) and that tracked target velocity information could be obtained more precisely than position information at speeds above 0.5 Hz. Our results revealed that the feedforward (FF) control corresponding to velocity was delayed under the visible-orbit condition at speeds over 0.5 Hz, suggesting that, in carrying out imitation exercises and movements, the use of visually presented 3D guides can interfere with exercise learning and, therefore, that the effects of their use should be carefully considered.
Highlights
We use countless body movements to observe, hold, and move objects in our daily lives
We studied the characteristics of visuomotor control using the measured Δθ and Δω values obtained under each phase and orbit level during the intermittent 3D target-tracking movements
We quantitatively analyzed the visuomotor control characteristics of intermittent circular tracking movements displayed as target orbits in 3D VR space
Summary
We use countless body movements to observe, hold, and move objects in our daily lives. The visually guided tracking of movements is an important function in learning or imitating movement [1,2,3,4,5]. Research on visually guided movement tracking has focused on tasks in which the trajectories of visually guided targets are tracked along one-dimensional (1D) straight lines or on twodimensional (2D) planes through various joint movements in a three-dimensional (3D) space [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. Miall et al (1986, 1988, 1993) examined the task of tracking a visually guided target with a 1D sinusoidal trajectory using the multi-joint motion of an arm in a 3D space. Tests in which monkeys and humans carried out this task revealed that the control
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