Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the structure and vibrations of molecules. It presents valence bond orbitals and molecular orbitals including the electronic wave functions of molecules with the assumption that the nuclei of the atoms in a molecule are stationary, fixed to their equilibrium positions, the hydrogen molecule, and the covalent bond. The property of binding between atoms has been summarized as the electrons are in localized bonding orbitals straddling two atoms so that each electron is shared between the two atoms, the bonds are directed along certain directions in space, and that there are two electrons with opposite spin in each bonding orbital; by means of the sharing, each atom tends to build up a full shell of electrons. The chapter explains the molecular orbitals and the structure of benzene, energy considerations of the molecules, and theoretical concepts of the diatomic molecules. It discusses the different types of orbitals, atomic, directed valence, valence bond, molecular and Bloch orbitals, and in what physical situations they are used to describe the electrons in molecules and solids.
Published Version
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