Chapter Two - LNG technology

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview and detail information about liquified natural gas (LNG), its history and value chain. Different properties of LNG like chemical composition, density, boiling point, flammability and so on are explained in this chapter. The history of LNG from old days back to 1823 till 2008 is explained briefly. The most essential part of this chapter is LNG value chain. In short, an LNG supply chain includes five essential steps: exploration and production, refrigeration and liquefaction, transportation, storage and regasification, and usage by the end users or customers. Exploration of gas and separation technology are explained shortly. LNG liquefaction includes 7units of gas receiving and metering, Gas treatment or purification, sweetening, and sulfur recovery unit, Gas dehydration unit. Mercury removal unit. Natural gas liquefaction through cooling unit. Condensate stabilization, also called fractionation, unit for removing light hydrocarbons used to produce LNG through stripping. and LNG storage unit are covered in more details. Different types of LNG onshore storage tanks are explained. LNG exportation and transportation options with ships and various storage options in the ships are covered. LNG import terminal and regasification are the last couple of LNG chain. Various natural gas compounds like Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Natural Gas Liquified (NGL) and Piped Natural Gas (PNG) are explained at the end of this chapter.