Abstract
Hamada (1980b, 1982, 1984b, 1985) revealed that the contour enhancement effect and the Craik-O’Brien illusion are due to a darkening effect. He also found that these phenomena are stronger in negative contrast than in positive one. Additionally, he showed that the brightness of the Craik-O’Brien patterns was lower than that of the uniform field and found the decrease in a brightness levels. That is, adding the Craik-O’Brien patterns to the uniform field lowered the brightness levels. But when he created the Cornsweet pattern by adding a negative or positive contrast to the Craik-O’Brien patterns, the brightness was either darkened or brightened. This phenomenon indicates that the Cornsweet illusion interacted with the dark and light Craik-O’Brien illusions. Therefore Hamada (2020) proposed a five-level qualitative model for the Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusion by adding a decrease in brightness levels into Hamada’s four-level serial processing mathematical model.
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