Abstract
The Mach band found by Mach (1865) was described by his second derivative model. Békésy (1959, 1960) described the Mach band by convolutionally integrating the intensity distribution and his neural unit. Based on Obonai’s (1955) psycho-physiological induction theory, Fujii et al. (1967) and Hamada (1971) extended DOG (a difference of two Gaussians) to two-dimensional space to simulate the geometric illusion and the lowering and raising of the light thresholds, respectively. Hamada (1976a, 1976b, 1984b) simulated a border contrast by a four-level serial processing model using Bergström’s (1966) experimental data and the power law of Stevens (1961). The model has an intensity dependency and consists of excito-inhibitory transduction, response gradient extraction, edge detection, and information reduction. His edges meant that the inflection points of the result processed at the first level, which were earlier than the zero-crossing of Marr and Hildreth (1980).
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