Abstract
Bioenergy is the main source of renewable energy worldwide and it is expected to continue to play a significant role in the future energy system. Biomass availability, competition between the alternative uses of biomass, as well as the sustainability issues are major concerns for bioenergy deployment. Despite large uncertainties, most estimates show that biomass is likely to be sufficient to play a significant role in the global energy supply system. Bioenergy could expand from current 56 EJ to 145 EJ by 2060, with an increased role of modern bioenergy on behalf of traditional use of biomass. Bioenergy can have a particular contribution to decarbonizing certain sectors for which there are no other options or they are very limited, such as in the freight road transport, aviation, and maritime transport. The future contribution of bioenergy depends on the capacity to mobilize large amounts of biomass. Biomass trade (either direct or indirect) would play an increasing role in the future development of bioenergy.
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