Abstract
Biorefining is an optimal strategy for large-scale sustainable use of biomass in the bioeconomy resulting in cost-competitive coproduction of food and feed, bio-based products, and bioenergy with optimal socioeconomic and environmental benefits. The definition, classification, and concepts of biorefineries are explained, including examples for energy- and for product-driven biorefineries. The efficient integration of biorefineries in existing industrial infrastructure can be a key driver for a sustainable biorefinery and bioeconomy. To better assess the different biorefinery concepts, the Biorefinery Complexity Index is introduced. This index creates a tool for industry, decision makers, and investors to better judge potential and risks of the different biorefinery concepts on short, medium, and long term. Special emphasis is given on economic and environmental aspects of biorefineries in comparison to conventional products, including the presentation of Biorefinery Fact Sheets to provide compact information on different biorefinery concepts.
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