Abstract
A hydraulic system is closed, and the oil used is stored in a tank or reservoir to which it is returned after use. The most mundane part of the system, the design and maintenance of the reservoir are of paramount importance for reliable operation. The volume of fluid in a tank varies according to temperature and the state of the actuators in the system, being minimum at low temperature with all cylinders extended, and maximum at high temperature with all cylinders retracted. The liquid in a hydraulic system is used to convey energy and produce the required force at the actuators. The fluid can cause deterioration of components. The various end devices in a pneumatic system are linked to the air receiver by pipes, tubes or hoses. Pneumatic fuses also protect a pneumatic system against major leaks. Like hydraulic fuses they have to be reset manually once triggered.
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