Abstract
The challenges of conventional power systems have paved the way for new methods of electrification, which involve the incorporation of microgeneration sources near the consumption point. The latter is a more feasible solution to the overhaul of the whole system. This technology is known as microgrid, which is a future building block of the smart/intelligent grid. However, there are numerous challenges facing microgrids in terms of their scalability, control, and coordination. Energy storage systems (ESSs) provide promising solutions for overcoming these challenges. Therefore in this chapter, the roles of ESSs in microgrids are analyzed and a one real-time application is provided in which battery energy storage system is demonstrated, under suitable control to maintain the voltage and frequency stability of an islanded microgrid powered by solar photovoltaics. In fact, microgrid stability characteristics are different from those of traditional grids due to the lack of inertia in the inverter-interfaced distributed generation (DG). The deployment of inverter-interfaced DGs in microgrids has led to the major operating differences between a microgrid and a traditional grid in time response and inertia contribution when needed. These differences lead to complications in the operation and stability of microgrids. While inertia-less DGs do not store energy for later use, a traditional power grid stores a significant amount of kinetic energy in the rotating mass, which contributes to grid stability.
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