Abstract
Nowadays bioenergy is being challenged about its future role in a clean energy-based society for all Europeans. More than ever, bioenergy needs to reinvent its role under the environment of continuous changes in the energy integration mix based on renewables sources both for transportation purposes and for stationary purposes (heat, cooling, and power). The next generation of biofuels, also called advanced biofuels, must meet the composition required as drop-in biofuels to avoid the costs of new powertrain infrastructures. To improve net process efficiency of biomass conversion and, simultaneously, to develop cost-effective technologies to novel biofuels production is a cornerstone for next 10-years research. Sections 9.2–9.4 discuss the emerging new biofuels obtained either from biochemical-based pathways or thermochemical-based pathways. Section 9.5 is dedicated to heat and power technologies with emphasis on both farm and village-scale power production as well as the novel trends on bioenergy applications for urban cities.
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