Abstract
This chapter discusses the problems of mathematical statistics. The idea of using mathematical statistics for summarizing information was put forward by R. Fisher. The founders of the Anglo-American statistical school were followers of Mach and in their work summarization of information often became an end in itself. This interpretation of one of the problems of mathematical statistics certainly cannot be regarded as correct. It goes against the standpoint of the Soviet statistical school that regards discovery of objective laws as the fundamental problem of mathematical statistics. Summarization of information is, in fact, not an end in itself but one of the integral parts of the complex process of discovery of objectively existing laws. The two problems of mathematical statistics—analysis of experimental material and compact presentation of the results obtained —are closely interrelated.
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