Abstract
Advanced topics in this chapter depict the latest trends in CFD research and development in fluid mechanics that have brought about the development of many novel and innovative techniques. A broad overview on the novel and innovative research methodologies is provided. Significant advances in numerical methods and computational models and successful applications of some unconventional approaches are demonstrated via the lattice Boltzmann method, direct simulation of Monte Carlo, vortex method and smooth particle hydrodynamics in simulating fluid flows, and discrete element method in simulating flows with a wide range of particles sizes. Flow systems involving migration of strong shocks in transonic and hypersonic flows, complex bubble mechanistic behaviour in multiphase flow structures, or even complicated flows that exist in our human body systems that are composed of the flow of trillions of cells within billions of blood vessels are just some of the many current challenging CFD problems. CFD methods and models will continue to remain at the forefront of intensifying research and development so long as the vast majority of fluid flows and processes remain unresolved.
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