Abstract
Soil fertility depends on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Among the biological properties, soil enzymes are used as an index of soil fertility. Soil enzymes respond to changes in soil management faster in comparison to other soil variables, and also catalyze the reactions necessary for the life processes of microorganisms in soils. The biochemical reactions are brought about by the catalytic action of enzymes. Soil enzymes include amylase, phosphatase, urease, cellulase, protease, glycosidase, and arylsulfatase. They play a role in organic material decomposition, transformation of organic matter, nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation, detoxification of pesticides, xenobiotics, etc., and thus regulate the ecosystem. This chapter focuses mainly on soil enzymes and their important role in agriculture. The role of enzymes in agriculture is eco-friendly and also minimizes the use of pesticides.
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