Abstract
The accelerated industrial and green revolution aimed at increasing industrial and agricultural productivity has led to the entry of several synthetic organic compounds into the natural ecosystems. When the concentration of these chemicals, their metabolites, or by-products goes beyond permitted limits, remediation becomes necessary to avoid migration of these compounds to more sensitive areas. In the search for cleaner technologies, mushrooms are potent biological organisms which are grown on agrowastes. Mushrooms have the ability to breakdown lignin and cellulose and structurally similar organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, pesticides, explosives, dyes, and solvents. Mechanisms such as extracellular oxidation, catabolism by enzymes, reduction, hydrolysis, and conversion into metabolites give an insight into the mycoremediation process. Spent mushroom compost was also reported to have bioremediation properties for various harmful and toxic chemicals. The various enzymes such as laccase, catalase, peroxidase, etc. are suitable for this specific mechanism of degradation.
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