Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are used either alone or as constituents of composites. There are foams made from PUs as well as coatings, adhesives, and varnishes. In contrast to epoxies, PUs can be either thermoplastics or thermosets. Typically, they are block copolymers containing chemically connected hard and soft blocks (segments). PUs were obtained for the first time by Otto Bayer in 1938. The first PU fibers manufactured commercially were developed by DuPont under the name of Lycra. Synthesis of PUs, their morphologies, industrial manufacturing, mechanical properties, uses as shape memory polymers, as foams, coatings, adhesives, and in medicine (scaffolds, dental obturation materials) as well as health hazards involved, are discussed.
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