Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter describes the Fizeau interferometer and the Twyman–Green interferometer. The Fizeau interferometer is used for checking the faces of a transparent plate for parallelism and checking the slabs of optical glass for homogeneity. The Twyman– Green interferometer is basically a Michelson interferometer illuminated with collimated light so that fringes of equal thickness are obtained. Both the Fizeau and Twyman-Green interferometers are commonly used for tests on complete optical systems. The chapter further discusses the analysis of wavefront aberrations, laser unequal-path interferometers, the point-diffraction interferometers, and shearing interferometers. With a single-wavelength laser source, interference fringes can be obtained with large optical path differences. This has led to the development of compact systems based on the Twyman-Green and Fizeau interferometers that can be used for testing large optics. Shearing interferometers have the advantage that no reference surface is required, and a very simple and compact optical system can be used to test large surfaces.
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