Abstract
This chapter presents an introduction to the basics of interferometry. Phenomena caused by the interference of light waves can be seen all around. Because the wavelength of visible light is quite small very small changes in the optical path difference produce measurable changes in the intensity of an interference pattern. Thus, optical interferometry permits extremely accurate measurements. Optical interferometry has been used as a laboratory technique for almost a hundred years. However, several new developments have extended its scope and accuracy and have made the use of optical interferometry practical for a very wide range of measurements. One of these developments is the invention of the laser. Lasers have removed many of the limitations imposed by conventional light sources and have made possible many new interferometric techniques. And now optical interferometry is used in a wide variety of applications.
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