Abstract
This chapter explores the techniques based on holography and laser speckle. These techniques can be used to make interferometric measurements on objects with rough surfaces. The chapter describes holographic interferometry, which is a very powerful method for mapping changes in the shape of three-dimensional objects with very high accuracy. It is used widely for nondestructive testing and strain analysis. It is also very useful for the analysis of vibrations. Holographic and speckle interferometry permit measurements on objects with rough surfaces. The chapter also presents a brief introduction to holographic strain analysis and holographic vibration analysis. The simplest and most commonly used method for studying vibrating objects is time-average holographic interferometry. Speckle interferometry is explained in detail, in which the speckled image of an object is made to interfere with a reference field. The chapter also presents studies of vibrating objects. If the object vibrates, the speckle in the vibrating areas is averaged while the nodes stand out as regions of high-contrast speckle.
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