Abstract
It is now accepted that as many as one-fifth of all human cancers may result from virus infection. Viral oncology owes much to the observations over 100 years ago that viruses may cause tumors in animals. Over 50 years later, detailed epidemiological and molecular studies have confirmed some retroviruses, hepadnaviruses, herpesviruses, and papillomaviruses as major causes of human cancers. The mechanisms of viral oncogenesis are complex, differing from virus to virus. As noted elsewhere, considerable advances have been made in developing vaccines against several viruses oncogenic for humans, notably some papilloma and hepatitis B viruses.
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