Abstract
In recent years, graphene and its derivatives have attracted immense interest in the scientific community for exploring possible applications in biomedical, diagnosis, and prognosis of diseases. The intriguing properties of graphene such as large specific area, abundant surface functional groups for choice of immobilizing different biomolecules, high chemical stability, remarkable electronic and optical properties, high conductivity, high electron mobility, and possibility of making thin films with transparency make it a potential candidate for next-generation sensing materials. In this chapter, we present an overview of current advancements in the use of graphene-based materials as sensing platforms for detection of various biomarkers exclusively for health-care applications. Specifically, we focus on the progress of research based on usage of various types of biomarkers, that is, genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, and glycomic as receptors or ligand molecules that are considered to decorate or modify the surfaces of graphene and its derivatives. We also discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms and bioconjugation methodologies including various detection schemes for highly sensitive and selective detection of these biomarkers, along with the challenges and future perspectives in this rapidly developing field.
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