Abstract
Important features of stem cells in both embryonic and adult tissues are their unlimited capacity to self-renew and their potential to generate differentiated progeny of one or more lineages. SOX2 is expressed in several stem cell populations and has been ascribed important regulatory roles in stem cell maintenance, proliferation control, and cell fate specification. Characterization of SOX2 binding using chromatin immune precipitation combined with deep-sequencing analysis (ChIP-seq) has generated remarkably detailed information at the genome-wide level about SOX2 targeted regulatory regions and their associated genes in various stem cell populations. Findings indicate that SOX2 not only performs its functions by controlling an array of stem cell–expressed genes but also by prebinding of silent genes that will be activated in the subsequent emerging lineages. Focusing on the genomic occupancy of SOX2, this chapter will discuss the regulatory role of SOX2 and its potential function as a pioneering factor in different stem cell populations.
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