Abstract
This chapter describes methods to estimate waste releases into the environment. All sources of wastes should be considered in estimating releases of a chemical from a facility such as fugitive air sources, stack or point air sources, water sources, Solids, slurries, nonaqueous liquid sources, and accidental or nonroutine releases. The level of detail of the analysis and the level of effort required depend on specific circumstances. Many (if not most) processors and users have only one or two releases of a given chemical to report or be concerned with, and in such cases estimation can be calculated by simple multiplication of the concentration of the chemical in the waste by the volume of the waste released. The four basic approaches to estimating releases after release points have been identified are: calculations based on measured concentrations of the chemical in a waste stream and the volume/flow rate of that stream; mass balance around entire processes or pieces of process equipment; emission factors, which (usually) express releases as a ratio of amount released to process or equipment throughput; and engineering calculations and/or judgment based on physical/chemical properties and relationships such as the ideal gas law.
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