Abstract
Cost-effective production of commodity chemicals by microorganisms relies on the ability to convert recalcitrant plant material into fuel or material precursors at high rates, titers, and yields. Bioconversion is often hampered by the types of feedstock components that microbes naturally metabolize as well as the susceptibility of biological devices to industrial-scale fermentation conditions and chemical toxicity. Therefore, a major goal for industrial microbiology is to increase production by enhancing tolerance phenotypes. Because the genetic modifications necessary for eliciting tolerance are difficult to predict, techniques involving genome-scale modifications and adaptive evolution are frequently used. In this chapter, we provide an overview of processes for producing biofuels, discuss production limitations that result from toxicity and cultivation conditions, and describe methods for enhancing tolerance and productivity through genome-scale modifications.
Published Version
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