Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a contemporary approach to AVO analysis, balancing the theory against practical limitations. Starting from the basic AVO equations the difficulties of measuring AVO parameters are examined with a discussion of the seismic conditioning prerequisites to minimize measurement errors. The uncertainties arising from measurement errors and from limited information about anisotropy lead to a simplified two-term model that forms the basis for subsequent analysis. The theory of the relationship between AVO measurements and elastic properties is presented and given a geometrical framework as projections on intercept-gradient crossplots. The theory is transferred from reflectivity to impedance leading to the concepts of elastic impedance, extended elastic impedance, and gradient impedance. AVO is recast as a method to improve seismic images and to simplify interpretation. Practical considerations for implementing this workflow are discussed.
Published Version
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