Abstract
Vertigo can be either due to loss of peripheral input caused by damage to the labyrinth, vestibular nerve, unilateral impairment of vestibular nuclear, or vestibulocerebellar activity. It is essential to determine if the vertigo is central or peripheral because etiologies of central vertigo (ie, cerebellar/brain stem stroke) can be life threatening and require emergent intervention. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigos. Majority of BPPV are idiopathic. Characterized symptom of BPPV is a sudden-onset, rotatory vertigo, triggered by head movement. Particle repositioning maneuvers are proven to be effective in most cases. Vertigo is one of common clinical symptoms in patients with posterior circulation stroke. Medullary infarction and cerebellar infarction, involving posterior inferior cerebellar artery or anterior inferior cerebellar artery should be suspected when patients with vascular risk factors visit for dizziness.
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