Chapter 8 - Insects and other arthropods

Abstract

Seven detailed studies of arthropod distribution are presented. The aggregation of winter moth is shown to decline with stage. Differences in aggregation are also shown in gypsy moth egg, pupal, and adult stages. TPLs of European corn borer differ between field and regional scales and also between borers per infested plant and borers per 100 plants. Japanese beetle adults in a survey in the Azores over 23 years show TPL intercept varied from year to year as abundance changed, while temporal and spatial slopes were comparatively stable. Survey data of Japanese beetle larvae in New Jersey compare the effect of different fixed sample sizes on TPL with the result of a box-counting approach with different-sized samplers. Colorado potato beetle adults on potatoes in Canada are also analyzed by a box-counting method. The relationship between sample size and TPL is examined with wireworm data (click beetle larvae) that show changes in TPL gradient when converting number/sample to density. Four studies of barnacle distribution examine the large- and small-scale variation in TPL, the effect of settling behavior on TPL, and variation in TPL due to topography of the substrate. A general survey of 88 mostly insect and mite studies examines how TPL is affected by scale, trophic interactions, host plant, and environmental perturbation.