Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops are genetically engineered to provide desirous trait, specifically designed in agricultural beneficial scenario. The traits like enhanced vitamin production, resistance against pests and herbicides, GM crops have now been an important part of agriculture productivity with low input and high output at field level. With the introduction of first field trial of tobacco crop for herbicide resistance in 1986, by USA and France, China became the first country to commercialize virus-resistant tobacco in 1990s. Since then several countries have adopted GM crops with diverse modified genetic makeup. Soybean is the most popularly grown GM crop, which comprises of 82% of total area of soybean cultivation. Engineering varied levels of biofortification for its oil properties and herbicide-resistance have been the most developed GMCs. Highly susceptible to most of the insects, GM cotton, resistant to pest is another most globally cultivated crop. Other GM crops like jatropha, rice, sugar beet, papaya, maize, and brinjal have been commercially cultivated in one or the other countries. However, contrary to several other countries allowing cultivation of GM crops, Bt cotton remains the only GM crop grown in India.
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