Abstract
The chapter is concerned more generally with the question of surface roughness and the way it is related to adhesion. The chapter seeks to place this subject within a broader account of adhesion, by which observations concerned with the practical strength of adhesive joints are related to theoretical concepts of physics and chemistry. The chapter discusses the surfaces and the way surface energy is defined and related to the fundamental and practical adhesion to ideal smooth surfaces. It argues that many of the surfaces encountered in adhesion are very rough, and cannot be regarded simply as smooth surfaces with a higher surface area. Some of these surfaces are fractal in nature and so the concept of surface area is strictly without meaning. The chapter considers simple thermodynamic and kinetic principles that enable the extent of penetration of an adhesive into idealized pores of a surface to be gauged.
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