Abstract
The current global and economic scenario has driven the search for alternative source of natural colorants produced by microalgae. Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β′-carotene-4,4′-dione) is a secondary carotenoid widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and aquaculture industries with antioxidant effects. The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source worldwide of natural astaxanthin, produced with lower cost than the synthetic molecules currently used. This chapter reviews some laboratory parameters related to H. pluvialis cell enhancement, astaxanthin production, and cost. The review begins with an introduction about astaxanthin-producing H. pluvialis cells followed by upstream process conditions (e.g., microalgal media effects on biomass productivity and carotenogenesis). Subsequently, downstream process parameters are evaluated (e.g., astaxanthin extraction methods and efficiency), and laboratory production cost and future prospects of this topic are presented. Economic challenges and laboratory conditions of astaxanthin production by H. pluvialis have been reviewed and discussed in view of a cost-effective astaxanthin facility.
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