Abstract
This chapter discusses gaseous and liquid opportunity fuels such as coalbed methane, landfill gas, coke oven gas, and wastewater treatment gas as well as hazardous liquids and waste oils used in cement kiln and other energy applications. The common thread unifying the gaseous opportunity fuels is the relatively high concentration of methane gas. Methane is the desirable component in coal-bed gases. Methane is also a desirable component in landfill and wastewater treatment gas and is a significant component in refinery off-gas. Liquid opportunity fuels are typically considered as hazardous wastes—a legal characterization—and these fuels are typically spent solvents and other light organics or waste oils. All gaseous and liquid opportunity fuels have significant potential to assist energy managers when the conditions are right. These conditions include proximity to a source of the opportunity fuel, low cost (or negative cost) of the opportunity fuel, proximity to the grid if electricity is being generated, and an emissions management system capable of handling the emissions resulting from the firing of these fuels.
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