Abstract
Oxidation reactions were introduced in Chapter 6, and many different reactions and reagents were discussed. Reduction reactions are equally important in organic chemistry, and many different classes of functional groups can be reduced. Indeed, reduction of various functional groups constitutes another class of functional group exchange reactions. If an oxidation reaction proceeds with an increase in oxidation state and a loss of electrons, then a reduction reaction will proceed with a decrease in oxidation state and a gain of electrons. In a practical sense, the addition of hydrogen atoms to the molecule and/or loss of one or more heteroatoms may be the best definition. This latter definition is not always mechanistically correct, but it is conceptually useful and examples are the reduction of butan-2-one to butan-2-ol or propanenitrile to butanamine.
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