Abstract
Oxidation is a very important class of chemical reactions, and in organic chemistry, it can be defined in several ways. A broad definition by Sheldon and Kochi states oxidation in organic chemistry refers to either (1) the elimination of hydrogen atoms, as in the sequential dehydrogenation of ethane, or (2) the replacement of a hydrogen atom bonded to carbon with another more electronegative element such as oxygen. Oxidation reactions are generally categorized as functional group exchange reactions. The emphasis will be on oxidation reactions that transform one functional group into another. Important transformations will be the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyls, oxidation of alkenes to diols or epoxides, and oxidative cleavage of alkenes to carbonyl derivatives. A few methods will be discussed for the oxidation of alkyl fragments, such as oxidation of a methyl group to hydroxymethyl, an aldehyde, or a carboxylic acid. The oxidation of sulfur and nitrogen compounds will also be briefly discussed.
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