Chapter 7 - Diversity of actinomycetes in Western Ghats

Abstract

Western Ghats are the main hotspots for the microorganisms, and immense diversity of microorganisms viz., bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and algae are seen in these Western Ghats. Actinomycetes are Gram-positive filamentous bacteria which produce a variety of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics, pigments, enzymes, plant growth hormones, antioxidants, antimicrobial compounds, etc. These actinomycetes show abundant diversity in Western Ghats. The various secondary metabolites produced by actinomycetes have immense industrial, medical, and also agricultural applications. The diversity of actinomycetes in Western Ghats needs to be given attention and research is needed in this aspect. With this view, the chapter here focuses on the diversity of actinomycetes with reference to morphological characters, pigment production, various secondary metabolites, and plant growth hormones. The various groups of actinomycetes are also considered. The biotechnological applications of actinomycetes from the Western Ghats are also highlighted. The diversity of actinomycetes will help to explore additional new species.