Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses specifically on the interactions between the hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal (HPI) stress axis and the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) reproductive axis and the consequences of these interactions for reproductive processes. It also examines that how stressors and the mediators of the stress response affect the key effectors of the HPG axis, including the hypothalamic gonadotropin–releasing hormones, the pituitary gonadotropins, the gonadal sex steroids, and hepatic vitellogeni. The chapter reviews how stressors and stress hormones impact the development of the reproductive system and reproductive functions at the embryonic, larval, pubertal, and adult life stages. The influence of stress on reproduction depends on the type of stressor, its intensity and duration, the sex of the fish, its developmental stage, its nutritional status, and its reproductive strategy. The effects of gender and reproduction on the activity of the HPI axis are discussed.
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