Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the reproduction and the latest findings on reproductive endocrinology in two representatives of the most ancient lineage of vertebrates: agnathans. Modern vertebrates are classified into two major groups: the gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) and the agnathans (jawless vertebrates). Reproduction in vertebrates is controlled by a hierarchically organized endocrine system. In spite of the very diverse patterns of life cycles, reproductive strategies, and behaviors, this endocrine system is remarkably conserved throughout the gnathostome lineages. The phylogenetic relationship between the hagfish, the lamprey, and the jawed vertebrates is an unresolved issue. Agnathans are considered to be monophyletic in origin with the modern agnathans, which are classified into two groups, myxinoids (hagfish) and petromyzonids (lamprey), while the gnathostomes constitute all the other living vertebrates, including the bony and cartilaginous fishes and the tetrapods.
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