Abstract
Publisher Summary Genetic and molecular approaches are used to facilitate the studies in the field of fish sex determination/differentiation. This chapter is mainly based on the studies conducted using popular model fishes, such as medaka, tilapia, rainbow trout, and zebrafish. Among the vertebrates, teleost fishes display the greatest diversity of sexual phenotypes, thus providing an excellent model to investigate molecular mechanisms of sex determination/differentiation. Sex in fishes is determined by genetically or environmentally based signals. The second vertebrate sex-determining gene, dmy/dmrt1by, was discovered in medaka (Oryzias latipes) but was found to be present only in two Oryzias species, illustrating the vast diversity of sex-determining genes in fishes. Data accumulated from these species would be useful in the study of sex determination/differentiation in other teleosts and nonteleosts such as agnathans, condrichthyans, sarcopterygians, chondrosteans, and holosteans. Such studies might reveal the actual degree of diversity in sex determination/differentiation of fishes, especially with respect to the evolutionary mechanisms that constitute the foundation of vertebrate sex determination and differentiation.
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