Abstract
This chapter discusses multiprocessor machines. Computers constructed of multiple, independent processors allow for a broad view of building applications. Multiple processor machines come in different flavors, although they all share the features of having more than one processor attached to a memory system. To understand the constraining issues, it is important to study parallelism. Vector processors take advantage of the inherent parallelism of specific operations to gain a speedup over scalar processors. The parallelism achieved using vector processors is only one level of parallelism. Various sources and level of parallelism can be explained as: (1) instruction level, (2) loop level, and (3) task level. A set of processes that must interact through communication are referred to as coordinating processes. Synchronization is a mechanism for processes to notify each other of having reached a specific point in an execution. It is common to divide the set of multiple processor machines into two classes, shared memory machines and distributed memory machines.
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