Abstract
In this chapter, a generalized over-current (OC) and overload (OL) protection scheme is proposed for droop-controlled, and directly voltage controlled (DVC) inverter-interfaced distributed energy resources (IIDERs) to be used for protection studies of alternating current (AC) islanded (autonomous) microgrids, and provide a management strategy during and after short circuit and consequent overloads. The fault is detected, and its type is discriminated by a new method that takes the advantages of both artificial neural networks (ANNs) and transient monitoring function (TMF). By using the proposed strategy, the output current magnitudes of DER units are limited, and after fault clearance, the microgrid is restored to its normal operating conditions. The proposed OC/OL protection scheme limits the output power of distributed energy resources (DERs). In this regard, a generalized fault model is presented, which considers the effect of the control system of IIDERs. This model exploits a current limiting strategy (CLS) that can be implemented in different reference frames to enhance microgrid fault ride-through (FRT) capability. To demonstrate effectiveness, accuracy, authenticity, and feasibility of the proposed OC/OL protection scheme along with TMF/ANN-based fault detection method and their desirable performance, offline digital time-domain simulations are done in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the results are experimentally verified by using OPAL-RT real-time digital simulator (RTDS). In the final part of this chapter, a new multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm is presented for coordination of overcurrent relays in interconnected networks, based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and fuzzy decision-making tool (FDMT). Then, using some useful assumptions and recommendations of IEC-6090 and fault calculations for the microgrids, including distributed energy resources, the proposed method is generalized for overcurrent relay coordination in microgrids. Finally, the proposed method has been successfully implemented on different test systems. The obtained results have been compared with other reported methods to prove the accuracy, authenticity, and efficiency of the MOPSO/FDMT-based protection and relay coordination algorithm.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
