Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the management of heterophoria. The importance of regularly checking for pathology is stressed, as is the need to correct significant refractive errors to provide clear retinal images, which can aid fusion. A pragmatic approach is taken, starting with attempting to remove the cause(s) of decompensation, including by refractive corrections and changes to the workplace. It is noted that refractive modification (adjusting the refractive correction) can be a straightforward and effective treatment in many cases. Other treatment approaches are summarised, including eye exercises and prism relief, noting the effect of prism adaptation. Different approaches are summarised for each main type of heterophoria, noting where there is a need for further evidence, and referral criteria are given. The effect of contact lenses and refractive surgery on binocular vision anomalies is summarised, and myopia control is discussed.
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